Building construction



` G. F. Ko'rRBA-rv BUILDING CONSTRUQT I ON Jan.. 8 1935.

, 1931 4 Shets-Sheet 1 Original Filed Jan ,Q 2 v 2 .15.11. 122.24.:2122521114.1.1. 1246s..... 212.122.111...4.:. iii

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'YIM fbi# ATTORNEY LBZIS Jan. 8, 1935 G. F. KOTRBATY BULDING CONSTRUCTION 4 Sheets-Sheet 2 Original Filed Jan. 16, 1931 ATT'ORNEY lfm g? w35 KOTRBATY BUILDING CONSTRUCTION Original Filed Jan. 16, 1951 4 Sheets-Sheet 3 Flew?.

ATTORNEY Jam 8, 1935 za. F. Ko'rRBA-rv BUILDING CONSTRUCTION 4 Sheets-Sheet 4 Original Filed Jan. 16, 1931V BY v GIM/An .s by

ATTORNEY Patented Jan. 8, 1935 UNITED STATES BUILDING CONSTRUCTION Guy F. Kotrbaty, Laurelton, N. Y., assigner to Ferrocon Corporation, New York, N. Y., a corporation of Delaware Original application January 16,

Divided and this application December 30, 1933, Serial No. 704,726

14 Claims.

'I'his invention relates to improvements in methods and means for joining self-supporting building construction units, as set forth in my application Serial No. 509,237 for Building constructions, filed January 16, 1931, and allowed November 3, 1933, Patent No. 1,968,045, July 31, 1934 of which this application is a division.

The present invention will be described with particular reference to the use of preformed selfsupporting construction or grid units which are so constituted and arranged as to allow a plurality of them to be readily associated in any desired` type of structure and provided with Wall, oor and roof joints of various kinds.

l5 Desirable economies in construction by the use of the improved joints of the present invention will be set forth more in detail in the accompanying specication, reference being had to the drawings, in which like numerals referto similar parts throughout the several views, and in which Figure 1 is a horizontal cross section of an improved construction member adapted for walls;

Figure 2 is an elevation, partly in section, of an assembly of elements shown in Figure 1, including -a corner connecting member;

Figure 3 is a vertical cross section taken through a section of a building at the junction of the foundation and rst floor;

Figure 4 is a vertical section taken through the alined partitions in a house, together with associated floor assembly;

Figure 5 is a view similar to Figure 3 showing preferred connections between upper oors and outer wall;

Figure 6 is a detail of a base connecting memlber for connection of main house wall to foundation wall vabove grade line;

Figure 7 is a detail of a base mould and structural member;

Figure 8 is a detail, partly in section, oi a Wall cap grid member and floor grid supporting member;

Figure 9 is a detail of a channel member adapted to receive the wall grid and serve as a support therefor;

Figure l0 is an elevation, partly in section, of a wall tie member adapted to be interposed between two doors;

Figure 1i is a vertical cross section through a roof and `:vali junction, and

Figure 12 is a vertical cross section through a ridge portion.

Referring now to the drawings, the improved construction member shown in Figures 1 and 2,

55 and designated generally by the numeral 10, com- 1931, Serial No.

prises a pair of opposed wall members 11 of sheet metal, which may be solid or of any suitable foraminous metallic construction. 'I'hese members may be provided with a plurality of stiiening members 13, Which as shown are indicated as 5 f integral horizontal stiffening grids. However, it

will of course be appreciated that the stiiening members may be vertically disposed or they may comprisel associated members such as stiffening rods or battens, which may be secured to either 10 or both sides of the members as by soldering, brazing, or welding, and such members may be opposed on either side of the members l1 and 12 to provide an increased stiffening effect. If desired, foraminous metal of the expanded metal 15 lath type may be used, and a desirable stiffening imparted thereto by weaving or otherwise associating stiiening wires therethrough in any de-` sired manner.

'Ihe sections 14 disposed between the stiii'ening members 13 may be of solid metal as above indicated, or may comprise expanded lath portions, or perforated sections.

The side members are connected together by means of combination end sections and keyways, as shown in Figure 2 and designated-generally as 15, which usually comprise a central cylindrical portion 16 having an aperture 17 and oppositely disposed anges 18, which flanges are continued at 19 to form re-entrant sections, which, in turn, are reversely bent to form clip members 20 adapted to be secured in locking engagement with the ends 12 of members 11.

The metallic construction and method of bonding oii walls and iloors, now about to be 35 described, permits a pronounced exibility in construction due to the fact that by varying the conguration of the gridY members any desired metallic structure may be made use of, and this latter suitably augmented by the advantage and 40 incorporation in the metallic structural unit of a desirable structural plastic embedment.

Referring now to Figs. 3 to 12, inclusive, the improved building joint constructions of the present invention will be described in detail. These several joints will be considered with particular reference to the self-supporting, openended, building units or `Wall grids, above described. A

Wall grid members l0 of any suitable configuration and design adapted to support any given load are supported on the floor members 40 and monolithically bonded thereto, a suitable channel member 160 being interposed therebetween. This member includes a Wall grid revmembers in addition to ceiving portion 161 with which is associated a base moulding member 162. A combined grid channel and base-board are suitably secured, as by crimping together at 163, and are preliminarily positioned on top of the floor grids 40, being secured thereto by any suitable plastic embedment, although, of course, any mechanical means such as bolts and nuts and tie wires may be used, it desired. The wall grids 10 are in= serted in the channel members, the latter having beeniirst nlled with suitable material, while still plastic, indicated generally at 154. This latter serves as an embedment for the grid the locking together of the grids by the improved key members shown and described above. The base moulding is provided with a plasterers screed 164,'which is di' rected downwardly to form an apron 165 which i'orms a substantially closed channel 166 with the other parts of the moulding. When the combined grid channel and base moulding is iilled with cement or other plastic, the inverted chamber 166 acts as an air chamber or reservoir, and prevents the plastic material from rising therein. The screed 164 serves to support the `plastic coat as well as being a guide for the thickness of the coat. It will be observed that there is no continuity between the plastic embedment and the wall coating. This condition serves to prevent the access of absorbed material from the exterior of the building in and through the plastic-V embedment to the wall coating. This break in continuity of plastic ma'- terial afforded by the'member 162, and more 'particularly bythe intermediacy of the apron portion 1,65 and the air chamber 166, as above intimated, saves the plastic coatings 103/ and 104 from deleteriousv action of absorbed moisture and permits the fabrication of a completely columns or partitions monolithically surfaced and bonded house without introducing the noxious feature of damp interior walls and rooms normally met with when walls are made of solid concrete or other plastic material, which exercises a capillary attraction for moisture, whether atmospheric or derived from moist earth as in tropical countries.

The floor grid units'may be adapted to form concrete beam members monolithically bonded to the floor coverings and supporting walls and by cutting back the top portions 11 from a member 40 a suitable distance to provide an apron portion 170, which is bent downwardly into engagement with the bottom member, andsecured thereto in any suitable manner as by means o1 tie wires 171. When positioned in place and a suitable concrete mixpoured therein, it will be noted that a solid segment of concrete, as indicated at 153, .is formed in the end portion and is integrally bonded with the mass of concrete indicated at 152 and 154, as well as with the subjacent plastic coatings 103 and 104. i

Where wooden iioors or the like are desired, suitable supports 1720i wood or other suitable material are embedded in the concrete 45 to a suitable depth, and iioor members 47 also of wood or any desired material are laid thereon and fastened thereto, an air space 48 being provided 'prevent warping of the oor members. The base moulding, designated generally by l the numeral 162, is set in place being embedded crete mass parts are shown in detail in Figures 6 to 10. Referring more particularly to Figure 7, the base moulding comprises a bottom channel portion bent over at one edge to form an inverted U-shape member 163, the shorter leg of which is adapted to receive any of wall channel members 160, "and 191. The longest side o the U is provided at its lower portion with apertures 183 as is the portion of the member, 'and is extendedabove the apertures to form a base board 162, which may be given any desired configuration for ornamental purposes. The plasterers screed s formed integrally therewith.

Suite. ly associated with the base moulding is an exterior wall channel 160. This member comprises a bottom portion suitably apertured and provided with a short upstanding portion 184 adapted to engage or fit into member 163, previously described. i

The othenleg 161 of the member is apertured in the same manner as the base portion, and is provided at its upper end with an out-turned flanged portion 185. The base moulding and exterior wall channel may be iitted together and placed in position on topo! the supporting conand floor members, thus having the combination of a good metallic and structural concrete support, together with the improved bonding effect ofthe monolithic mass, previously described.

Where partition floors are being constructed, a plurality of base moulding members are joined by a partition channel 191 having upstanding flanges of equal height. 'Ihis combination of parts is supported on the floor members and their associated fillings in the same manner as the wall moulds and are provided with like plastic iillings.

Referring. nowto Figures 5 to l0, lthe details of an exterior wall and floor joint will be described. This construction comprises a combination wall grid cap, as shown in Figure 8. and designated generally by the numeral 195. This member includesa lower inverted channel member having a iiat medium portion 196, and depending sides 197, provided with usual apertures 183. The members 197 are provided with up` turned iianges 198, which are adapted to serve the joint purpose of a picture moulding support for a picture moulding 199, and also as a'plasterers guide. for determining the depth of the initial coat of plastic. The 'upper portion of the combination grid cap member is formed of a similar channel shaped member having a base-portion 200 and side portions 201 and 202. The upper and lower portions of member 195 may be secured together by welding or riveting. Members, 201;

and 202 are provided with usual apertures 193,-

serves as a support for superposed iioor members. y

Member `201 is provided with an inwardly displaced section 204, and is iianged outwardly at its upper portion to form a clip iiange 205, which is adapted to engage the tongue 206 of a suitable tie-in member 207. This member, in addition to the tongue portion is tion 208 having an intermediate section 209 provided with tongues 210, whlch are adapted to receive flanges of exterior wall clipchannel 190. Member 207 is suitably apertured to permit the free flow of monolithic bond material therethrough. At its upper end the member is providedwith a ilange 185. It will be noted that the upper section of member 207 in combination with members 190 and 162 forms a wall grid receiving provided with a body porchannel, permitting a desired continuity of construction. 'I'he picture moulding'as shown in Figure 5, and designated by the numeral 199, is

' made from sheet metal and is provided with a clip channel portion 213, which is adapted to engage into member 198 of the wall caps and be supported thereby. 'I'he members provided with outstanding portions 211 and 4212 are adapted to serve as plasterers guide for the nal plastic coat. A depending tongue or flange 214is provided at the bottom of the moulding member, and is adapted to be anchored by the applied coat of plastic, thus preventing the picture moulding from being moved out of place.

Referring now to Figure 11, there is shown a detail of an eave and gable construction showing the manner of assembling the several parts to unite angularly disposed structures to the side Walls. In this construction there is shown a grid cap member designated generally by the numeral 195 and a superposed ioor grid member 40, which,

l as previously intimated, may be of any suitable dimensions.

The roof members, designated generally by the numeral 216, are secured to the roof connection member 218 by means of hook bolts 217 having hook portions 219 adapted to'receive a rod 220 which is inserted in a grooved portion 221 of member 218 and spot Welded thereto. The hook bolts are provided with threaded ends 222 which are associated with suitable nuts 223. It will now be appreciated that the member 220 serves as a fulcrum yfor member 217 about which the latter is adapted to rotate on hook 219, thus enabling any roof angle to be secured. This hingelike construction permits the construction herein described to be used in roof members of a Wide variety of types and in a wide variety of designs, varying from the sharply pitched/roofs of extreme northern latitudes to the flat roofs common in tropical countries.

Where the roof members 216 are of the grid type herein disclosed; this invention comprehends the use of an improved facia plate channel designated generally'as 224. These members include a drip cap 225, which is adapted to direct water owing thereover into a suitable gutter 226. Member 222 is provided further with portions 227 bent inwardly toward each other and side portions 228 suitably apertured, the portions 228 being adapted to slip over and engagea roof member and be secured thereto by means of standard bolt and nut construction 229'. These members may have any suitable depth, which can be varied to suit the needs of any installation,

'and may be provided further with stiening iianges. A gutter 226 is supported from members 229 by means of woven wire hangers 230.

As shown in Fig. 12 the members `216 are abutted against each other and are suitably supported on a ridge angle 231, which is suitably apertured, and are secured thereto by suitable bolt and nut construction 232. Members 231, being of machine material may be bent to any suitable angle. The ends of members 216 are abutted at the ridge with a cover piece of expanded material 233 which is laid thereagainst and serves to retain the plaster material 23am/nich is led through the grids. The underside of the grids are plastered in the ordinary manner with any suitable plaster, or they may be gunited or otherwise treated. In the upper plastic a sheet 235 of suitable waterproof material such as any suitable roofing feltv or roofing paper may be plied a suitable Waterproof plastic 236 which may be of suitable color or which may be used or blocked 01T to imitate shingles or the plaster may serve as an imitation of tiles, shingles or other composition shingles or equivalent materials. Where the wooden or shingle nish is desired, wooden nail strips or sleepers may bedisposed in the plaster at suitable intervals and the wooden shingles or wooden clapboards nailed thereto.

Having now particularly described and ascertained lthe nature of my said invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I claim is:

l. In a building structure of 'the class described, an improved Walland floor joint comprising a wall section, a floor grid supported on said section, the top of said floor grid being folded-back a distance equal to the depth of the grid and attached to the bottom of the grid to form a channel section, further wall sections superposed on and across said oor sections and a common cementitious bond between the said wall sections and the intermediate floor sections.

2. In a building construction of the class described, an improved wall and floor joint comprising self-supporting Wall sections, means mounted on the Wall sections for engaging and supporting superposed floor sections and to form continuous beam members and channel sections therewith, separate Wall sections mounted on the said oor sections, the said Wall sections and floor sections being mechanically connected and interlocked, and a common cementitious bond between the said wall sections and interposed door sections and associated parts.

`3. An improved wall joint assembly for building construction formed of self-supporting structural grid units, comprising wall sections, composite wall grid cap and channel members superposed on and over said sections, floor grids supported on said composite members, tie-in members clipped to the channel members of the said composite wall grid cap and channel members, separate channel supports having lateral, upstanding fianges clipped on to the tie-in plates by one of the said flanges, the other iianges of said channel members being clipped by and adapted to support combination mould members and plasterers screeds, Wall grid members mounted in the last said channel members .and between the upper portion of the tie-in plates and the combination mouldings'and plasterers screeds, cementitious plastic disposed in the channel portion of the composite wall grid cap and channel members and extending through the end of the superposed ioor grids, forming a beam section therewith, a cementitious plastic disposed in the bottorn of the upper wall'grid members and integral with the cementitious beam members, a coat of plastic disposed exteriorly of the several wall grid cap and channel `members and associated tie-in plates on one side of the construction and keyed thereto by flange portions thereof, and interior plastic coats disposed on the interior of said composite construction and maintained in alignment by the said plasterers screeds.

4. An improved skeleton structure for wall joint assemblies for building construction formed of self-supporting structural grid units, including, in combination, self-supporting wall sections having spaced panel members spaced and supported by end keying members, composite Wall grid cap and channel members fitting on and over said sections, floor grids supported on said composite members, tie-in members clipped to the channel members of the said composite wall grid cap and channel members, separate channel supports comprising plate members having lateral upstanding :flanges clipped on to the tie-in plates by one of the iianges, the other flanges of said channel members being clipped by and adapted to support combination mold members and plas- .terers screeds; wall grid members mounted in the last said channel members and between the upper portion of the tie-in plates and combination moldings and plasterers screeds, all of the said members being perforated and adapted to receive cementitious plastic in a substantially monolithic condition.

5. An improved tie-in member for self-supporting wall grid constructions and associated channel sections comprising a plate member having a horizontalvclip flange formed at the bottom thereof, an intermediate lbellied horizontal rib formed in the plate and provided with tongue forming clip fingers, and a flange formed at the upper edge of the said plate and parallel with the aforesaid bottom clip flange.

6. An improved structural member forming a combination base moulding and plasterers screed comprising -a bottom portion having an upstanding clip flange formed on one side thereof, the other `side being upwardly extended to form a base moulding and a plasterers screed at the top" of said moulding section, the free edge of the screedV section being in substantial alignment with the clip member of the bottom section. i

'1. A combination wall grid cap and grid channel member comprising a bottom U-shaped section having upwardly extending anges at the free ends thereof, a. separate U-shaped section superposed@k on and secured to the bottom U- shaped section, said upper section having flanges formed at the top edge portions thereof, the said top flanges being adapted to serve as guides and supports for superposed floor grid members.

8. A combination wall grid cap and grid channel member comprising a bottom 'inverted "U-shaped section having upwardlyv extending flanges at the free ends thereof, a separate U- shaped section superposed on and secured to the bottom U-shaped section, said upper section having flanges, at least one of the said flanges being reversely bent to form a clip flange, the said top flanges being adapted to serve as guides and supports for superposed floor grid members.

9. In a building construction of the class described, an improved inner wall and iioor joint permanentI form comprising, a wall section, means mounted on the wall section for engaging and supporting a plurality of abutted and superposed floor sections extending laterally from the wall section and having their respective upper portions retracted inwardly on themselves where- Loomis by to form a continuous beam member and channel section therewith,` and a separate wall section mounted on the abutted ioor sections at their point of juncture, the said wall sections supporting superposed, abutted floor sections having retracted7 top members adapted to form continuous beam members and channel sections therewith, separate wall sections mounted on said floor sections, said wall sections and floor sections being mechanically connected and interlocked, and a common cementitious bond between the said wall sections and interposed oor sections and associated parts.

1l. An improved wall and roof joint, comprising a wall member, a wall grid cap mounted on said wall member, a floor grid mounted on the said wall grid cap and forming a channel member therewith, a facia plate clipped on to the wall grid cap member, the said facia plate being provided with an upper hooked portion having a lateral extending flange, a roof member supported 4at an angle on the'said hooked portion of the facia plate, a bolt inserted in the hooked portion of the facia plate and engagedI by bolt members, the said bolt members being secured to roof grid members, a common cementitious bond between the said wall members, superposed flooring and associated roof members, and a waterproof vcoating on the outer surface of the said roong.

12. Improved grid-receiving and supporting channel members, comprising .a perforated bottom section with flanges on either side and defining a channel with the said bottom, at least one of said flanges being extended upwardly and perforated, and both of said flanges being adapted to act as supporting members for superposed structural unit building members.

13. A building member as set forthin claim 12 and characterized by iianges of unequalheight, the longer of said flanges being perforated and provided with an outwardly extending. stiffening and supporting iiange.

14. In a building construction as set forth in claim a the improvements comprising a channel member in which the ilanges are of substantially equal height and perforated, the exterior or outer flange being; itself provided at its top with ,a clipped ange portion forming a stiifening bead and the other said flange being provided in its turn, with an outwardly extending plain stiffening edge or flange. GUY F. KOTRBATY.

self-supporting wall sections, means mounted on the -wall sections for engaging and',A 

